Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation by MicroRNA and RNA-Binding Protein

Recent advanced studies have demonstrated that post-transcriptional gene regulation is involved in many aspects of biological processes and in the pathogenesis of various types of disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. In addition to transcriptional regulation, spatially and temporally regulated gene expression is achieved by the post-transcriptional control of transcribed RNAs, including through splicing, export, stability, localization, and translation. These processes are regulated by the formation of ribonucleoprotein complexes with RNA-binding proteins and small non-coding RNAs. Here, we will describe the findings obtained from studies on mice deficient for individual RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs involved in maintaining homeostasis or causing disease.